Legal
Practitioners (Regulation and Maintenance of Standards in Profession,
Protecting the Interest of Clients and Promoting the Rule of Law) Bill, 2010.
A Bill for the establishment
of the Legal Services Board and in respect of its functions; to make provision
for, and in connection with, the regulation of persons who carry out the
activities of legal practitioners; to make provisions for the establishment of
an ombudsman for complaints against the professionals and for a scheme to consider and determine
complaints against the legal practitioners; to make provision in respect of
providing legal services free of charge and for connected purposes.
Be
it enacted by the Parliament in the 60 year of the Republic of India, as
follows: -
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1. Short title, extent and
commencement.—This
Act may be called The Legal Practitioners (Regulation and Maintenance of
Standards in Profession Protecting the Interest of Clients and Promoting the
Rule of Law) Act, 2010.
(2) It extends to the whole of
India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
(3) It shall come into force
on such date as the Central Government may, by notification, appoint; and
different dates may be appointed for different provisions of this Act and for
different States, and any reference to commencement in any provision of this
Act in relation to any State shall be construed as a reference to the
commencement of that provision in that State.
2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless the
context otherwise requires, –
(a)
“Board” means Legal Services Board constituted under this Act.
(b)
“Clients” means the clients of the Legal Professionals who engaged such Legal
Professionals by executing a vakalatnama / letter of authority, by whatever
name it may be known.
(c)
“Consumer of Legal Profession” includes the clients of legal professionals and
anyone who might have recourse to legal services because of a legal issue and those who are
using or are may be contemplating using services provided by the legal
professionals in relation to the legal services arising out of a legal issue.
(d)
“Legal Professionals” means the Advocates as defined in the Advocates Act, 1961
and includes the qualified lawyers engaged in legal practice confined to their
chamber, engaged in drafting and conveyancing, practitioner of income tax and
sale tax and those appearing before the relevant authorities, giving advise to
the clients for a fee, gain or reward in the areas of customs, immigrations,
trademark and patent services and all other professional services where legal
issues are involved;
(e)
“Ombudsman” means the Ombudsman appointed under this Act for redressing the
grievances of the clients and consumers of Legal Professionals.
(f)
“Professional Principles” include –
(i) that the Legal Professionals
should act with independence and integrity;
(ii) that the Legal Professionals
should maintain proper standards of work;
(iii) that the Legal Professionals
should act in the best interest of their clients;
(iv) that the Legal Professionals who
are authorise to appear before a court or tribunal, by virtue of being such
authorisation should comply with their duty to the court / tribunal to act with
independence in the interest of justice;
(v) that the affairs of clients should
be kept confidential.
(g) “Prescribed” means prescribed by rules made
under this Act.
(2) Any
reference in this Act to any other enactment or any provision thereof shall, in
relation to an area in which such enactment or provision is not in force, be
construed as a reference to the corresponding law or the relevant provision of
the corresponding law, if any, in force in that area.
CHAPTER II
THE REGULATORY OBJECTIVES
3.The Regulatory objectives. – (1) In this Act a
reference to “the regulatory objectives” is a reference to the objectives of—
(a)protecting and promoting the public interest;
(b)supporting the constitutional principle of the rule of law;
(c)improving access to justice;
(d)protecting and promoting the interests of the clients of the legal
practitioners;
(e)promoting healthy competition amongst the legal practitioners for
improving the quality of service;
(f)encouraging an independent, strong, diverse and effective legal
profession with ethical obligations and with a strong sense of duty towards the
courts and tribunals where they appear;
(g)creating legal awareness
amongst the general public and to make the consumers of the legal profession
well informed of their legal rights and duties;
(h)promoting and maintaining adherence to the professional principles.
CHAPTER III
LEGAL SERVICES BOARD
PART – 1
4. Constitution of Legal Services Board. – (1) The Central Government
shall constitute a body to be called the Legal Services Board to exercise the
powers and perform the functions conferred on, or assigned to it under this
Act.
(2) The Legal Services Board shall consist of –
(a) a Chairman appointed by the
President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the
Chairman of the Bar Council of India.
(b) a Member-Secretary
appointed by the Central Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of
India and the Chairman of the Bar Council of India possessing such experience
and qualifications, as may be prescribed by the Central Government, to exercise
such powers and perform such duties under the Chairman of the Legal Services
Board.
(c) such number of other
members, possessing such experience and qualifications, as may be prescribed by
the Central Government, to be nominated by the Government in consultation with
the Chief Justice of India and Chairman of the Bar Council of India. Out of these five members shall be the
Chairmen of the State Bar Councils, representing the Northern, Southern,
Western, Eastern and North-Eastern regions of the country.
(3) The Chairman of the Legal Services Board
shall not, during the appointment carry on any activity relating to practice of
law for or in expectation of any fee, gain or reward.
(4) While appointing members of the Legal
Services Board, other than from the category of Chairman of the State Bar
Councils, regard shall be had such members have experience or knowledge of in
the field of –
(a) a
legal professional; or
(b) imparting
of legal education; or
(c) consumer
affairs; or
(d) having
been a Judge of the High Court; or
(e) experienced
in competition law; or
(f) had
been the member of a grievance redressal body at the National level or State
level; or
(5) The terms of office and other conditions
relating thereto, of Chairman, Member-Secretary and other members shall be such
as may be prescribed by the Central Government in consultation with the Chief
Justice of India and the Chairman of the Bar Council of India.
(6) The Legal Services Board may appoint such
number of other employees as may be prescribed by the Central Government, in
consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the Chairman of the Bar
Council of India, for the efficient discharge of its function under this Act.
(7) The officers and other employees of the
Legal Services Board shall be entitled to such salary and allowances and shall
be subject to such other conditions of service as may be prescribed by the
Central Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and Chairman
of the Bar Council of India.
(8) The administrative expenses of the Legal
Services Board including the salaries, allowances and pensions payable to the
Chairman, Member-Secretary, Officers and other employees of the Legal Services
Board shall be defrayed out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
(9) All orders and decisions of the Legal
Services Board shall be authenticated by the Member-Secretary, members or other
officers of the Legal Services Board duly authorized by the Chairman of the
Board.
(10) No act or proceeding of the Central Authority
shall be invalid merely on the ground of the existence of any vacancy in, or
any defect in the constitution, of the Legal Services Board.
5. Arrangements for
Assistance.
– (1) The Board may make arrangements with such persons as it considers
appropriate for assistance to be provided to it.
(2) Arrangements may include the paying of fees
of such persons.
6. Committees. – (1) The Board may
establish committees.
(2)
Any committee so established may establish sub-committees.
(3)
Only members of the Board may be members of a committee or subcommittee.
7. Proceedings. – (1) The Board may regulate
its own procedure, and the procedure of its committees and sub-committees.
(2)
The quorum of a committee or sub-committee must not be less than 3.
(3)
The Board shall publish any rules of procedure made under this Section.
8. Quorum for the Meetings
of the Board.
– (1) Quorum for the meetings of the Board shall be 3.
(2)
The Member-Secretary is entitled to participate in the meetings with a right to
vote.
(3)
In case of a division the Chairman of the Board may exercise his casting vote.
9. Delegation of Function. – (1) The Board may
authorise –
(a) the
Chairman, the Member-Secretary or any other Member of the Board;
(b) a
Committee or sub-committee of the Board; or
(c) a
member of staff appointed by the Board, to exercise on behalf of the Board, such
of its functions, in such circumstances as it may determine.
10. Accounts. – (1) The Board must –
(a) keep
proper accounts and proper records in relation to the accounts; and
(b) prepare
in respect of each financial year a statement of accounts including the income
and expenditure account and a balance sheet in such forum and in such manner as
may be prescribed by the Central Government in consultation with the
Comptroller and Auditor General.
(2) The accounts of the Board shall be audited
by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India at such intervals as may be
specified by him and any expenditure incurred in connection with such audit
shall be payable by the Board concerned to the Comptroller and Auditor General
of India.
11. Levy of Contribution
from the Members of Legal Profession. – (1) The State Bar Councils Bar Council of India
and the Legal Services Board as the case may be, shall levy an amount not
exceeding Rs.25/- from the Legal Professionals by insisting an affixing
adhesive stamps on the vakalatnama / letter of authorisation filed by the Legal
Professionals in the Courts /Tribunals or the institutions / officers where
they represent their client in the capacity of a legal professional.
(2) The Board shall from time to time by notification
fix the rate of such contributions.
12. Board’s Power for
Issuing Schemes & Guidelines to Promote the Regulatory Objectives. – (1) In discharging its
functions for promoting the regulatory objectives, the Board may issue
guidelines or schemes.
(2) The guidelines and regulations shall be
made in a way –
(a) which
is compatible with the regulatory objectives; and
(b) which
the Board considers most appropriate for the purpose of meeting those
objectives; and
(c) The
Board must have regard to the principles under which the legal professional
activities should be transparent, accountable, proportionate, consistent and
targeted only at cases in which action is needed; and
(d) any
other principle appearing to it to represent the best legal professional
practice.
13. Standards of Regulation,
Education and Training. – (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Advocates Act, 1961
the Board must assist in the maintenance
and development of standards in relation to –
(a) the
regulation approved by the Bar Council of India in relation to the activities
of the advocates; and
(b) the
education and training of the legal professionals.
14. Supplementary Powers. – (1) The Board may do
anything calculated to facilitate, or incidental or conducive to, the carrying
out of any of its functions.
15. Annual Report. – (1) The Board shall
prepare an Annual Report dealing with the discharge of Board’s functions, the
extent to which the Board has met the regulatory objectives and such other
matters as the Central Government may from time to time direct.
(2) A copy of the Annual Report shall be laid
before both houses of Parliament.
PART – II
CONSUMER PANEL
16. Consumer Panel. – (1) The Board shall
establish and maintain a panel of persons to be known as “the Consumer Panel”
to represent the interests of consumers and the clients of the legal
professionals.
(2) The consumer panel shall consist of such
consumers or persons representing the interest of consumers as the Board may
appoint with the approval of the Central Government. The Board may appoint one of the members of
the consumer panel to be the Chairman of the panel. The consumer panel shall have a fair degree
of representation of both the consumers / clients of the legal professionals
and those who are using or may be contemplating using the services of the legal
professionals as consumers / clients.
(3) The consumer panel shall not include –
(a) a
member of the Board or its staff;
(b) an
Ombudsman for legal complaints or of the staff of such Ombudsman;
(c) a
member of the government body or of the staff of State Bar Council / Bar
Council of India; or
(d) legal
professionals.
(4) The term of office and mode of removal of
the Chairman and members of the consumer panel shall be similar to those of
Chairman, Member-Secretary and Member of the Board.
17. Procedure of the
Consumer Panel.
– (1) The consumer panel may make such arrangements for regulating its own
procedure, as it thinks fit for relating its procedure.
(2) The consumer panel may establish committees
or sub-committees.
(3) If the services of any other person is
availed of by the consumer panel or its committee, the Board may pay to that
person such remuneration and expenses as the Board may determine.
18. Representations made by
the Consumer Panel. – (1) Representations made by the consumer panel shall be considered
by the Board.
(2) If the Board disagrees with the views
expressed, or proposal made, in the representations, it must give the consumer
panel a notice to that effect stating its reasons for such disagreeing.
(3) The consumer panel may publish such
information as it thinks fit about any representations made by it to the Board.
(4) The Board must publish any notice it gives
under sub-section (2) in respect of those representations.
19. Advice and Research
Functions of the Consumer Panel. – (1) The consumer panel may, at the request of the
Board –
(a) carry out research for the Board;
(b) give advice to the Board;
(c) publish such information as it
thinks fit about the advice it gives and about the results of research carried
out by it.
(2) The Board shall consider any advices given
and results of any research carried out under this section.
(3)
All expenditures in relation to the consumer panel shall be borne by the Board.
PART III
OMBUDSMAN
20. Ombudsman. – (1) The Board may appoint
a Chief-Ombudsman at its office and Ombudsmen for each States for dealing with
the complaints against the legal professionals at the State level.
(2) The State Governments shall provide the
requisite staff and infrastructural facilities for running the office of the
Ombudsman in each States.
21. Qualification and
Selection of Ombudsman. – (1) No persons shall be appointed as Chief Ombudsman unless he has
held the post of a Judge of the High Court.
(2)
The Ombudsman for the State shall have held the post of a District Judge.
(3)
The Ombudsman shall be selected by in consultation with the Chief Justice of
the State High Court and the Chairman of the State Bar Council.
(4) The Ombudsman shall hold office for a term
of five years and shall not be eligible for re-appointment.
(5) The Ombudsman may resign his office at any
time by writing under his hand and address to the Chairman of the Board.
(6) The Ombudsman may be removed from his
office in accordance of the provisions relating to the removal of the Chairman,
Member-Secretary and members of the Board.
22. Procedure Before the
Ombudsman.
– (1) On receipt of a complaint relating to a legal professional, the Ombudsman
shall issue notice to the legal professional concerned and also to the
complainant and shall fix a date for inquiry into the complaint.
(2) The Ombudsman shall examine the documents
and the witnesses, if any, on both sides and shall prepare his findings after
hearing both sides.
(3) The report of the Ombudsman shall be
forwarded to the Disciplinary Committee of the Bar Council of the State with a
copy to the Board.
(4) The report of the Ombudsman shall contain
his own findings about the allegations against the Legal Professional and the
proposals for taking necessary action.
(5) The report of the Ombudsman shall be
published in the manner prescribed by the Rules.
(6) The Disciplinary Committee of the Bar
Council of the State shall consider the report of the Ombudsman and if such
report is not accepted by the Bar Council reasons thereof shall be recorded in
writing and such reasons shall be published in the manner prescribed by Rules
with sufficient justification.
(7) The reasons for rejection of the
recommendation of Ombudsman shall be explained in detail which it is so
published.
23. Status of Ombudsman. – (1) The Ombudsman and the employees of his,
shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of Section 21 of
Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).
PART IV
STATUS OF THE BOARD
24. Status.—(1) The Board is not to be
regarded –
(a) as a subordinate to any Government
Department or as the agent of the Government; or
(b) as enjoying ay status, immunity or
privilege as provided by any other law.
(2) The Board shall be entitled to hold and
purchase movable and immovable properties for its efficient functioning and
shall have a body incorporate having a perpetual succession with a common seal.
25. Disqualification. – (1) The President of
India or the Central Government as the case may be may remove, Chairman or
Member-Secretary or members from office who –
(a) has
been adjudged as insolvent; or
(b) has
been convicted of an office which, in the opinion of the President of India or
the Central Government as the case may be, involved in moral turpitude; or
(c) has
become physically or mentally incapable of acting as such Chairman,
Member-Secretary or members; or
(d) has
acquired such financial or other interest as is likely to affect prejudicially
his functions as Chairman or Member-Secretary or members; or
(e) has
or so abused his position as to render his continuance in office prejudicial to
the public interest;
Provided that the Chairman,
Member-Secretary or members shall not be removed from his office on the grounds
specified in clauses (d) and (e), except on inquiry held in accordance with the
procedure prescribed.
26. Procedure for Inquiry. – (1) Whenever the
President of India or the Central Government is of the opinion that an
allegation under clauses (d) or (e) of Section 19 is required to be inquired,
they may hold an inquiry conducted by sitting judge of the High Court.
(2) A copy of the inquiry report along with a
copy of the allegations and a list of documents and witnesses shall be
delivered or cause to be delivered to the Chairman, Member-Secretary or member
against whom such inquiry was conducted and shall require him to submit within
such time as may be allowed, a written reply or statement of his defence.
(3) If the allegations are admitted by the
Chairman, Member-Secretary or members, the President or Central Government as
the case ay be, record reasons and remove such person.
(4)
Where the charges have been denied by
the Chairman, Member-Secretary or member, the President of India or the Central
Government as the case may be, appoint a sitting or retried judge of the
Supreme Court of India to inquire into the truth of the allegation. A Presenting Officer may be appointed to
present the case on behalf of the President of Indian or as the case may be,
Central Government before the judge so appointed.
(5) The Inquiring Judge shall give opportunity
to the Presenting Officer to present the case and to examine witnesses and to
present evidence, if any. Thereafter the
Chairman, Member-Secretary or member shall be given opportunity to present his
defence.
(6) The Inquiring Judge shall have power to
call witnesses and record their statements or receive evidence on affidavits or
call for production of documents or other relevant records, which may be necessary
for the inquiry.
(7) Inquiring Judge may submit his report
within a period of six months or within such time as may be extended by the
President of India, as the case may be, by the Central Government.
(8) If the President of India or, as the case
may be, Central Government is satisfied that the charges are proved on the
basis of the report submitted by the Inquiry Judge, the delinquent Chairman,
Member-Secretary or member, as the case may be, shall be removed.
CHAPTER IV
LEGAL AID TO THE FINANCIALLY WEAKER CONSUMERS.
PART – I
27. Free Legal Services to
the Financially Weaker Consumers / Clients. – (1) Every Legal Practitioner shall be duty
bound to give free legal services to the financially weaker consumers/clients
who fall just above the income levels prescribed under Section 12(h) of the
Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
28. The Duty of Legal
Professionals to provide honest and true legal advice to the consumers/clients. – (1) Every legal professional shall provide full
information regarding the legal position to consumer / client relating his
case. The services of the legal
professional shall be in such a manner as to give an opportunity to the
consumer / client to make informed choices about the quality, access and value
of the legal services he requires.
PART –II
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEGAL SERVICES BOARD WITH THE BAR COUNCILS.
29. Legal Services Board and
the Bar Councils. – (1) The Legal Services Board shall have full authority to deal with
the regulatory objectives in this Act and the Bar Council of India and State
Bar Councils shall continue to exercise the functions assigned to them by
Advocates Act, 1961.
(2) The directions of the Legal Services Board
relating to the regulatory objectives of this act shall be the guiding
principles in so far as functioning, performance and professional principles to
be followed by all legal professionals.
(3) In discharging its regulatory functions
assigned by the Advocate Act, 1961, the Bar Council of India and the State Bar
Councils shall comply with the requirements of the regulatory objectives in
this act.
(4) The Bar Council of India and State Bar
council, shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, act in a way –
(a) which
is compatible with the regulatory objectives, and
(b) which
the Bar Councils consider most appropriate for the purpose of meeting those
objectives.
30. Directions. – (1) This section applies if the Board is
satisfied –
(a) that
an act or omission of the Bar Councils has and, or is likely to have an adverse
impact on one or more of the regulatory objectives, and
(b) that
the Bar Council has failed to comply with any requirement imposed on it by or
under this Act or any other enactment; and
(c) that
the Bar Council –
(i) has
failed to ensure that the exercise of its regulatory functions is not
prejudiced by any of its other
functions, or
(ii) has
failed to ensure that decisions relating to the exercise of its regulatory
functions are, so far as reasonably practicable, taken independently from
decisions relating to the exercise of its representative functions.
(2)
If, in all the circumstances of the
case, the Board is satisfied that it is appropriate to do so, it may direct the
Bar Council to take—
(a) in a case within
subsection (1)(a), such steps as the Board considers will counter the adverse
impact, mitigate its effect or prevent its occurrence or recurrence;
(b) in a case within subsection (1) (b) or (c), such steps as the Board
considers will remedy the failure, mitigate its effect or prevent its
recurrence.
(3)
In a case within subsection (1)(a),
before giving a direction under subsection (2) the Board must in particular
consider the impact of giving the direction on the other regulatory objectives.
(4) A direction under subsection (2)—
(a) may only require the Bar
Council to take steps which it has power to take;
(b) may require a Bar Council
to take steps with a view to the modification of any part of its regulatory
arrangements.
(5)
The Board may not exercise its powers
under this section so as to give a direction requiring a Bar Council to take
steps in respect of a specific disciplinary case or other specific regulatory
proceedings (as opposed to all, or a specified class of, such cases or
proceedings).
(6) For
the purposes of this section a direction to take steps includes a direction
which requires a Bar Council to refrain from taking a particular course of
action.
(7)
The power to give a direction under this section is subject to any provision
made by or under any other enactment.
(8)
The Board may take such steps as it regards as appropriate to monitor the
extent to which a direction under this section is being, or has been, complied
with.
(9)
Where the Board revokes a direction under this section, it must—
(a) give the Bar Council to
which the direction was given notice of the revocation, and
(b)
publish that notice.
31. Enforcement of
Directions.
– (1) If the Bar council failed to comply with a direction given under section
30, the Board may make an application to the High Court under this section.
(2)
On an application under sub-section (1) of this Section, if the High Court
decides that the Bar Council has failed to comply with the direction in
question, it may order the Bar Council to take such steps as the High Court
directs for securing that the direction is complied with.
32. Public Censure. – (1) If the Board is satisfied—
(a) that an act or omission of the Bar Council has had, or is likely to
have, an adverse impact on one or more of the regulatory objectives, and
(b) that it is appropriate to act under this section in all the
circumstances of the case.
(2)
The Board may publish a statement censuring the Bar Council for the act or
omission.
(3)
Before publishing a statement of censure the Board shall give notice to the Bar
Council that it intends to publish such a statement and setting out the terms
of the proposed statement indicating the acts or omissions of the Bar
Council.
(4)
The notice under Section (3) shall specify that the Bar Council has 30 days
time before the expiry of which the representations with respect to the
proposed statement of censure may be made.
(5) Before publishing the statement the Board must consider any
representations which are duly made.
(6)
The above procedure shall be followed in the case of any variations proposed to
be made in the statement of censure.
33. Intervention Directions. – (1) The Board has power
to issue directions by way of interventions in relation to any of the functions
of the Bar Councils. If the circumstances mentioned in sub-section (1) of
Section 32 appear in relation to such functions.
(2) If the Bar Council does not obey such
directions of interventional nature, the Board may approach the High court for
orders for implementation of such directions by the Bar Council.
34. Revocation of
Directions.
– (1) The Board may revoke at any time
the directions or intervention directions issued to the Bar Council.
CHAPTER V
THE BOARD’S POWER TO REGULATE THE LEGAL PROFESSIONALS OTHER THAN THOSE
COVERED BY THE ADVOCATES ACT, 1961
35. Board Powers to Function
as Regulator.
– (1) Until competent regulatory bodies are established by the Central
Government or State Government as the case may be, the Legal Services Board
shall function as the regulator for the regulatory objectives under this act
for legal professionals other than those covered by the Advocates Act, 1961 as
enumerated in Schedule I.
(2) The Central Government or the State
Government as the case may be appoint or designate regulatory with powers of
granting licence to such legal professionals.
(3)
The Central Government may by
notification add or delete any profession in Schedule-I.
36. The Board may encourage
multi-disciplinary services for the Legal Professionals. – (1) In order to make the services of the legal
professionals to be more holistic and
effective, the Legal Services Board shall encourage the legal professionals to
join hands with other disciplines and professions to give comprehensive
services to the clients or consumers.
CHAPTER VI
MISCELLANEOUS
37. Act to have overriding effect. – (1) The provisions of this Act shall have effect
notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any other law for
the time being in force in any instrument having effect by virtue of any law
other than this Act.
38. Power to remove
difficulties.
– (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act,
the Central Government may, by order published in the Official Gazette, make
such provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as appear to
it to be necessary or expedient for removing the difficulty:
Provided that no such order shall be
made after the expiry of a period of two years from the date on which this Act
receives the assent of the President.
(2) Every order made under this section shall,
as soon as may be after it is made, be laid before each House of Parliament.
39. Power of Central
Government to make rules. – (1) The Central Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of
India may, by notification, make rules to carry out the provisions of this Act.
(2)
In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power,
such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely: -
(a) the
experience and qualifications of the Member-Secretary of the Board;
(b) the
condition of service and the salary of the Chairman, Member-Secretary and
members of the Board and the Ombudsman;
(c) the
number of officers and other employees of the Legal Services Board and the
Chief Ombudsman and other Ombudsman in the States;
(d) any
other matter which is to be, or may be prescribed.
40. Laying of rules and
regulations.
– (1) Every rule made under this Act by the Central Government shall be laid,
as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it
is in session, for a total period of 30 days which may be comprised in one
session, or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of
the session immediately following the session or the successive session aforesaid,
or both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule, or both House
agree that the rule or regulation should not be made, the rule or regulation
shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as
the case may be; so however, that any such modification or annulment shall be
without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule
or regulation.
SCHEDULE – I
(See Section 35)
1.
Qualified lawyers who are not practicing advocates, doing legal services
in their Chambers.
2.
Qualified lawyers engaged in drafting and conveyancing.
3.
Income-Tax Practitioners.
4.
Sales-Tax Practitioners.
5.
Practitioners in Revenue Courts.
6.
Customs clearance agents.
7.
Customs and Immigration Law Practitioners.
8.
Trademark attorneys / lawyers.
9.
Patent attorneys / lawyers.
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